List of power stations in South Africa - Power_plant

energy.wikisort.org - Power_plant

South Africa produces around 229,200 gigawatt-hours (825,000 TJ) electricity annually.[1]^{2015 est.} Most of this electricity is consumed domestically, but around 12,000 gigawatt-hours[2] are annually exported to Eswatini, Botswana, Mozambique, Lesotho, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and other Southern African Development Community countries participating in the Southern African Power Pool.[3] South Africa supplements its electricity supply by importing around 9,000 GWh per year from the Cahora Bassa hydroelectric generation station in Mozambique via the 1,920 MW Cahora Bassa high-voltage direct current transmission system of which 1500 MW is sold to South Africa.[4][5]


Type	Capacity [MW]
Coal	45,618
OCGT	3,449
Wind	3,322
Hydro	2,290
Nuclear	1,860
Solar PV	1,717
Solar CSP	400
Biomass	71
Landfill gas	26.5
Total Capacity	58,753

South African Power Grid as of 2022

Coal (78%)

OCGT (5.9%)

Wind (5.7%)

Hydro (3.9%)

Solar (3.6%)

Nuclear (3.2%)

Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap
Download coordinates as: KML

Most power stations in South Africa are owned and operated by Eskom. These plants account for 95% of all the electricity produced in South Africa and 45% of all electricity produced on the African continent.[6][7]

In terms of share of GDP in 2012, South Africa was the 4th largest investor in renewable power in the world after Uruguay, Mauritius and Costa Rica.[8]

The following is a list of electricity generating facilities within South Africa that are larger than 2 MW capacity. It contains currently operational facilities and facilities under construction. As far as possible the net power output in megawatts is listed, i.e. the maximum power the power station can deliver to the grid.

For notable facilities that are not operating or have been decommissioned see List of decommissioned power stations in South Africa

Fossil Fuels

Coal fired

South Africa is the seventh biggest coal producer in the world and has rich coal deposits concentrated in the north-east of the country and as such the majority of South Africa's coal-fired plants are located in the Mpumalanga province. Around 81% of South Africa's energy needs are directly derived from coal[9] and 81% of all coal consumed domestically goes towards electricity production.[10] Historically this has given South Africa access to cheap electricity, but it is also one of the leading reasons that the country is in the top 20 list of carbon dioxide emitting countries.[11][12][13]

Power plant	Province	Coordinates	Total Capacity MW	Date commissioned (planned)	Planned decommission dates[14]	Operator	Notes
Arnot Power Station	Mpumalanga	25°56′38″S 29°47′22″E	2,352	1971–1975	2025–2029	Eskom	[15][16]
Camden Power Station	Mpumalanga	26°37′13″S 30°05′38″E	1,561	1967–1969; 2005–2008	2020–2023	Eskom	[16][17]
Duvha Power Station	Mpumalanga	25°57′50″S 29°20′14″E	3,600	1980–1984	2030–2034	Eskom	[16][18][19]
Grootvlei Power Station	Mpumalanga	26°46′S 28°30′E	1,180	1969–1977; 2008–2011	2025–2028	Eskom	Units 5 and 6 were the first test facilities for dry cooling in South Africa[16][20]
Hendrina Power Station	Mpumalanga	26°01′59″S 29°36′00″E	1,893	1970–1976	2021–2027	Eskom	[16][21]
Kelvin Power Station	Gauteng	26°06′58″S 28°11′38″E	214	1957		Aldwych International	Nameplate capacity: 420 MW[16][22][23]
Kendal Power Station	Mpumalanga	26°05′24″S 28°58′17″E	4,116	1988–1992	2038–2043	Eskom	Dry cooled; the largest dry-cooled power station in the world.[16][24][25]
Komati Power Station	Mpumalanga	26°05′24″S 29°28′19″E	990	1961–1966; 2009–2013	2024–2028	Eskom	[16][26]
Kriel Power Station	Mpumalanga	26°15′15″S 29°10′46″E	3,000	1976–1979	2026–2029	Eskom	[16][27][28]
Kusile Power Station	Mpumalanga	25°54′59″S 28°55′02″E	3,200 (1,600)	(2022–2024)		Eskom	Under construction; 4/6 Units Operational[29][30] Dry cooled[31][32][33] (Planned:4,800MW)
Lethabo Power Station	Free State	26°44′31″S 27°58′39″E	3,708	1985–1990	2035–2040	Eskom	[16][34]
Majuba Power Station	Mpumalanga	27°06′02″S 29°46′17″E	4,110	1996–2001	2046–2050	Eskom	3 units dry cooled (0.2 l/kWh), 3 units wet cooled (2.0 l/kWh)[16][35]
Matimba Power Station	Limpopo	23°40′06″S 27°36′38″E	3,990	1987–1991	2037–2041	Eskom	Dry-cooled[16][36]
Matla Power Station	Mpumalanga	26°16′57″S 29°08′27″E	3,600	1979–1983	2029–2033	Eskom	[16][37]
Medupi Power Station	Limpopo	23°42′S 27°33′E	3970 (794)	2021		Eskom	Constructed; 5/6 Units Operational due to Unit 4 Explosion[29][30] Dry cooled[33][38] (Planned:4,764MW)
Pretoria West Power Station	Gauteng	25°45′28″S 28°08′49″E	180	1952	2016	City of Tshwane	Nameplate capacity: 190 MW[39][40]
Rooiwal Power Station	Gauteng	25°33′21″S 28°14′18″E	300	1963	2025	City of Tshwane	Nameplate capacity: 600 MW[39][40]
Tutuka Power Station	Mpumalanga	26°46′43″S 29°21′07″E	3,654	1985–1990	2035–2040	Eskom	[16][41]
		Total:	45,618 (2,394)

Arnot Power Station
Lethabo Power Station
Matimba Power Station
Kelvin Power Station
Medupi Power Station
Kusile Power Station

Open Cycle Gas Turbine (OCGT)

Power plant	Province	Coordinates	Installed capacity (Megawatt)	Date commissioned	Operator	Notes
Acacia Power Station	Western Cape	33°53′00″S 18°32′08″E	171	1976	Eskom	[42]
Ankerlig Power Station	Western Cape	33°35′32″S 18°27′37″E	1,338	2007	Eskom	[43]
Gourikwa Power Station	Western Cape	34°10′00″S 21°57′38″E	746	2007	Eskom	[43]
Newcastle Cogeneration Plant	KwaZulu-Natal	27°47′08″S 29°58′11″E	18	2007	IPSA Group	[44]
Port Rex Power Station	Eastern Cape	33°01′43″S 27°52′52″E	171	1976	Eskom	[42]
Avon Peaking Power	KwaZulu-Natal (Shakaskraal)	29°25′10″S 31°09′41″E	670	2016	International power	[45][46][47]
Dedisa Peaking Power	Eastern Cape (Coega)	33°44′33″S 25°40′22″E	335	2015	International power	R3.5 billion (2015)[45][46][48][49]
		Total:	3,449

Low Carbon Power and Renewable Energy

Department of Energy Data Portal - http://redis.energy.gov.za/power-producers/

Pumped Storage

For a more complete list of hydro power stations from large to pico size, see the African hydropower database.

Power plant	Province	Coordinates	Installed capacity (MW)	Date commissioned (planned)	Operator	Notes
Ingula Pumped Storage	KwaZulu-Natal	25°07′51″S 29°49′24″E	1,332	2017	Eskom	[29][50][51]
Drakensberg Pumped Storage	Free State	28°16′50″S 29°35′12″E	1,000	1981	Eskom	[52]
Palmiet pumped storage	Western Cape		400	1988	Eskom
Steenbras pumped storage	Western Cape	34°9′9.07″S 18°53′56.64″E	180	1979	City of Cape Town
Total:			2,912

Hydroelectricity

For a more complete list of hydro power stations from large to pico size, see the African hydropower database.

Power plant	Province	Coordinates	Installed capacity (MW)	Date commissioned (planned)	Operator	Notes
Cahora Bassa Dam	Tete, Mozambique	15°35′09″S 32°42′17″E	1,500	1974	Government of Mozambique	Imported through SAPP
Gariep	Free State-Eastern Cape border	30°37′25″S 25°30′23″E	360	1971	Eskom
Van der Kloof	Northern Cape	29°59′32″S 24°43′54″E	240	1977	Eskom
Collywobbles / Mbashe	Eastern Cape	32°00′41″S 28°34′44″E	42		Eskom
Neusberg	Northern Cape	32°00′02″S 28°34′59″E	10		Kakamas Hydro Electric Power
Second Falls	Eastern Cape	31°41′10″S 28°53′00″E	11		Eskom
First Falls	Eastern Cape	31°35′58″S 28°49′07″E	6		Eskom
Deelkraal I	Gauteng		5.04		Private
Western Deep Level 45	Gauteng		4.79		Private
Saaiplaas	Mpumalanga		4.59		Private
Kloof 1	Gauteng		4.52		Private
East Driefontein	Gauteng		4.48		Private
Stortemelk	Free State		4.47		Private
Vaal Reef 3	North West-Free State		4.33		Private
President Steyn	Gauteng		4.15		Private
Kruisvallei Hydro	Free State		4		Private
Merino Power Station	Free State	28°21′49.47″S 28°21′42.21″E	4	2010	Bethlehem Hydro
Bethlehem hydro Merino plant	Free State		4		Private
Elandsrand	Gauteng		3.83		Private
Western Deep Level 55	Gauteng		3.78		Private
Vaal Reefs 9	North West-Free State		3.46		Private
Bethlehem hydro Sol Plaatje plant	Gauteng		3		Private
Sol Plaatje Power Station	Free State (Bethlehem)	28°12′58.78″S 28°21′49.00″E	3	2009	Bethlehem Hydro
Western Area 1	Gauteng		2.97		Private
Western Deep Level 70	Gauteng		2.67		Private
Lydenburg	Western Cape		2.6		Private
Friedenheim Hydroelectric Power Station	Mpumalanga	25°27′05″S 30°58′54″E	2.5	1987	Freidenheim Irrigation Board
Ncora	Western Cape		2.4		Private
Elandsrand Level 53	Gauteng		2.39		Private
Geduld 2	Western Cape		2.39		Private
Kloof 4	Western Cape		2.28		Private
Ncora Dam Ncora Power Station	Eastern Cape	31°47′15″S 27°40′1″E	2.1		Eskom
Lydenburg Hydroelectric Power Station	Mpumalanga	24°59′52″S 30°26′21″E	2.1	2014	Thaba Chweu Local Municipality
Elandsrand Level 71	Gauteng		2.01		Private
Friedenheim	Western Cape		2		Private
L Ormarins upper	Western Cape		2		Private
Geduld 1	Gauteng		1.98		Private
Vaal Reefs 1	North West-Free State		1.86		Private
Western Deep	Gauteng		1.72		Private
Vaal Reefs 2	North West-Free State		1.67		Private
President Brand	Gauteng		1.62		Private
Vaal Reef 4	North West-Free State		1.62		Private
Kinross	Western Cape		1.61		Private
Faure Water Treatment Plant	Gauteng		1.48		Private
Elandsrand	Gauteng		1.47		Private
Western Area 2	Gauteng		1.34		Private
Winkelhaak	Western Cape		1.32		Private
Bakenkop Hydroelectric Power Station	Mpumalanga	27°5′7.8″S 30°56′44.7″E	1	1950	Piet Retief
Western Area	Gauteng		0.84		Private
Kloof 3	Gauteng		0.8		Private
Blackheath Water Treatment Plant	Gauteng		0.7		Private
Lomati	Western Cape		0.6		Private
Howick Falls	Free State		0.5		Private
Riverside Farms	Free State		0.48		Private
Rustenburg	Gauteng		0.41		Private
Stentor II	Western Cape		0.35		Private
Steenbras Water Treatment Plant	Western Cape		0.34		Private
Harlestone	Gauteng		0.33		Private
L Ormarins lower	Western Cape		0.33		Private
Van der Lindenskraal	Western Cape		0.32		Private
Total:			2,290

Nuclear

The two reactors at Koeberg are (as of 2017) the only commercial nuclear power plants on the African continent[53] and accounts for around 5% of South Africa's electricity production.[6] Low and intermediate waste is disposed of at Vaalputs Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility in the Northern Cape.

Power plant	Province	Coordinates	Capacity (MW)	Annual output (GWh)	Capacity factor %	Date commissioned	Notes
Koeberg Nuclear Power Station	Western Cape	33°40′35.2″S 18°25′55.37″E	1,860	13,668	84	1984	[53][54]

Wind power

Klipheuwel Wind Farm, Western Cape
Turbines at the Jeffreys Bay Wind Farm next to the N2
Van Stadens Wind Farm, Eastern Cape, South Africa, seen from Aston Bay
Portion of the Cookhouse Wind Farms (Eastern Cape) as seen from the N10
Gouda Wind Farm just outside the town of Gouda, Western Cape

Eskom constructed one small-scale prototype wind farm at Klipheuwel in the Western Cape and another demonstrator site is near Darling with phase 1 completed.

The South African Department of Energy allocated 634 MW of wind capacity in the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme – bid window 1.[55][56][57]

In bid window 2, 562.5 MW capacity was allocated.[58][59] In bid window 3, 787 MW were allocated.[60] In bid window 4, 676 MW was awarded.[61][62] In bid window 4 (additional), 687 MW was added.[63]


Power plant	Province	Coordinates	Capacity MW (planned)	Annual output GWh (expected)	Capacity factor % (expected)	Status	Date commissioned (planned)	Operator	Notes
Coega Wind Farm	Eastern Cape (Coega)	33°45′16″S 25°40′30″E	1.8			Operational	2010	Electrawinds	[64][65]
Darling Wind Farm	Western Cape (Darling)	33°19′55″S 18°14′38″E	5.2	8.6 (13.2)	19 (28)	Operational	2008	Darling Wind Power	Darling Wind Power company subject to liquidation[66][67][68][69]
Klipheuwel Wind Farm	Western Cape (Klipheuwel)	33°41′43″S 18°43′30″E	3.16	4	15 (20–26)	Decommissioned (prototype)	2002	Eskom	[70][71][72]
Sere Wind Farm	Western Cape (Koekenaap)	31°29′49″S 18°3′48″E	100	(233)	(27)	Operational	Jan 2015 (October 2013)	Eskom	[73][74][75][76]
Klipheuwel Wind Farm	Western Cape (Caledon)	34°13′56.11″S 19°22′48.26″E	27	(88.2)	(37.3)	Operational	May 2014 (May 2013)	BioTherm Energy	[77]Previously named: Klipheuwel‐Dassiesfontein Wind Energy Facility
Van Stadens Wind Farm	Eastern Cape (Van Stadensriviermond)	33°57′41.42″S 25°14′47.46″E	27	(80)	(34)	Operational	Feb 2014 (Feb 2014)	MetroWind	[78][79]
Hopefield Wind Farm	Western Cape (Hopefield)	33°5′54.80″S 18°22′52.14″E	65.4	(190)	(30+)	Operational	Feb 2014 (Feb 2014)	Umoya Energy	[80][81][82][83]
Noblesfontein Wind Farm	Northern Cape (Three Sisters)	31°43′49.70″S 23°11′27.54″E	73.8	(219)	(34)	Operational	July 2014 (July 2014)	Gestamp Wind	[84][85]
Kouga Wind Farm	Eastern Cape (Oyster Bay)	34°08′49″S 24°42′40″E	77.6	(290.5)	(41.5)	Operational	March 2015 (2014)	Red Cap Investments	[86][87][88]
Dorper Wind Farm	Eastern Cape (Inkwanca)	31°28′40.23″S 26°26′58.40″E	97.5	(267)	(30)	Operational	Aug 2014 (2014)	Sumitomo Group and Dorper Wind Development (A Rainmaker Energy Company)	Cost: R2 Billion[89][90][91]
Jeffreys Bay Wind Farm	Eastern Cape (Jeffreys Bay)	33°59′29.81″S 24°50′34.16″E	135	(362)	(37)	Operational	May 2014 (Dec 2013)	Globeleq	[92][93][94]
Cookhouse Wind Farm	Eastern Cape (Cookhouse)	32°44′31.94″S 25°54′33.94″E	135	(372)	(31)	Operational	Nov 2014 (Nov 2013)	African Clean Energy Developments	[95][96]
Waainek Wind Farm	Eastern Cape (Grahamstown)	33°19′21.26″S 26°27′41.71″E	23	(94)	(45)	Operational	Aug 2015 (2014)	InnoWind	[97][98][99][100][101]
Grassridge Wind Farm	Eastern Cape (Motherwell)	33°38′51.93″S 25°34′31.28″E	60	(223)	(43)	Operational	(Q4 2014)	InnoWind	[98][100][102][103]
Gouda Wind Facility	Western Cape (Gouda)	33°15′49.2″S 19°1′30.06″E	138	(423)	(35)	Operational	Sept 2015 (July 2014)	Acciona Energy South Africa	[104][105]
Amakhala Emoyeni (Phase 1)	Eastern Cape (Cookhouse)	32°50′27.29″S 26°0′37.11″E	134	(374)	(30.5)	Operational	Aug 2016	Windlab	$336 million[106][107][108][109][110]
Tsitsikamma Community Wind Farm	Eastern Cape (Tsitsikamma)	34°4′31.62″S 24°30′16.57″E	94.8	(355)	(43)	Operational	Aug 2016 (Q1 2016)	Cennergi	[110][111][112]
West Coast 1 Wind Farm	Western Cape (Vredenburg)	32°50′19″S 18°00′26″E	90.8	293	37	Operational	2014	Micawber 862	Cost: €160 million[113][114][115][116]
Chaba Wind Farm	Eastern Cape (Komga)	32°35′13.34″S 27°57′32.85″E	20.6	77	43	Operational	Sept 2015 (Q4 2014)	InnoWind	7 Turbines[100][117][118]
Gibson Bay Wind Farm	Eastern Cape (Oyster Bay)	34°8′59.62″S 24°30′45.90″E	111	420	43	Operational	May 2017 (Q1 2017)	Enel Green Power	37 Turbines[119][120][121][122][123]
Longyuan Mulilo De Aar 2 North Wind Energy Facility	Northern Cape (De Aar)	30°32′28.16″S 24°15′36.16″E	139	470	39	Operational	Nov 2017	Longyuan Power	67 Turbines $290 million[124][125][126][127]
Nojoli Wind Farm	Eastern Cape (Cookhouse)	32°45′35.62″S 25°55′7.76″E	88	275	36	Operational	Oct 2016	Enel Green Power	[128][129]
Longyuan Mulilo De Aar Maanhaarberg Wind Energy Facility	Northern Cape (De Aar)	30°44′28.21″S 23°52′2.00″E	96	(300)	(35)	Operational	2017	Longyuan Power	[130][131][132][133]
Khobab Wind Farm	Northern Cape (Loeriesfontein)	30°27′51.25″S 19°31′23.85″E	140	563	46	Operational	2019	Mainstream Renewable Power	Cost: R3.5 billion (2015)[134][135][136][137][138]
Noupoort Mainstream Wind	Northern Cape (Noupoort)	31°10′41.67″S 25°1′49.51″E	80	(305)	(43)	Operational	11 July 2016	Mainstream Renewable Power	[135][139][140]
Loeriesfontein 2 Wind Farm	Northern Cape (Loeriesfontein)	30°24′38.42″S 19°35′43.10″E	140	563	46	Operational	Dec 2017	Mainstream Renewable Power	Cost: R3.5 billion (2015)[135][137][141][142]
Roggeveld Wind Farm	Northern Cape-Western Cape (Matjiesfontein)	32°55′2.04″S 20°30′32.72″E	147	613	47	Operational	March 2022	Building Energy	47 Turbines [143][144]
Karusa Wind Power Station	Northern Cape (Matjiesfontein)	32°53′59″S 20°37′43″E	147	500		Operational	June 2022	Enel Green Power	[145][146]
The Nxuba Wind Farm	Eastern Cape (Cookhouse)	32°44′41.27″S 25°56′28.98″E	140	460		Operational	Oct 2020	Enel Green Power	[147]
Golden Valley Wind Energy Facility	Eastern Cape (Cookhouse)	32°50′11″S 25°54′04″E	120	477	39	Operational	May 2021	BioTherm Energy	[148]
Oyster Bay Wind Farm	Eastern Cape (Oyster Bay)	34°07′27″S 24°38′08″E	140	568		Operational	July 2022	Enel Green Power	41 Turbines [149]
The Soetwater Wind Farm	Northern Cape (Sutherland)	32°44′52.06″S 20°38′42.99″E	139			Contracting	(Q2 2019)	Enel Green Power	35 Turbines [150]
Kangnas	Northern Cape (Springbok)	29°32′41″S 18°14′18″E	140	513		Operational	November 2020	Mainstream Renewable Power	[135][151]
Perdekraal East	Western Cape (Touwsrivier)	33°03′16″S 20°06′01″E	110	380	(39)	Operational	Oct 2020	Mainstream Renewable Power	[135][152]
Excelsior Wind Energy Facility	Western Cape (Caledon)	34°14′20″S 20°14′05″E	(32)	(116)	(40)	Contracting		BioTherm Energy	[153]
Wesley-Ciskei	Eastern Cape (Wesley)	33°18′17″S 27°21′36″E	(33)			Contracting	(Q4 2017)	InnoWind	[154]
Copperton Wind Farm	Northern Cape (Copperton)	29°54′30″S 22°20′45″E	(102)	(360)		Under construction	(2021)	Gestamp Wind	34 Turbines[155][156][157]
Garob Wind Power Station	Northern Cape (Copperton)	29°55′44″S 22°24′06″E	136			Operational	Dec 2021 (Oct 2018)	Enel Green Power	[158][159]
Total:			3,322 (167)

Concentrated solar power

Bird's eye view of Khi Solar One (Picture October 2016)

Concentrated solar power uses molten salt energy storage in a tower or trough configurations.

The South African Department of Energy allocated 150 MW of concentrated solar power (CSP) capacity in the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme – bid window 1.[55][56][57] In the Renewable Energy IPP Procurement Programme: window 2, a capacity of 50 MW was allocated[58][59] In the Renewable Energy IPP Procurement Programme: window 3, a capacity of 200 MW was allocated.[160] In an additional bid allocation, bid window 3.5, a further 200 MW was allocated.


Power plant	Province	Coordinates	Installed capacity (MW) (planned)	Annual output (GWh) (expected)	Capacity factor % (expected)	Energy storage (hours)	Date commissioned (expected)	Operator	Notes
Khi Solar One	Northern Cape (Upington)	28°32′08″S 21°04′41″E	50	(190)	(43)	2	Feb 2016	Abengoa	Area: 6 km²[161][162][163][164]
KaXu Solar One	Northern Cape (Pofadder)	28°52′46″S 19°35′34″E	100	(320)	(36)	2.5	March 2015	Abengoa	Total investment: US$891 million[165][166][167][168]
Bokpoort CSP	Northern Cape (Groblershoop)	28°43′26.96″S 21°59′34.88″E	50	(200)	(45)	9.3	Dec 2015	ACWA Power	$328 million[169][170][171][172]
Xina CSP South Africa	Northern Cape (Pofadder)	28°53′40.56″S 19°35′53.52″E	100	380	44	5	Aug 2017	Abengoa	$880 million total investment[173][174]
Kathu Solar Park	Northern Cape (Kathu)	27°36′42″S 23°01′40″E	100	383		4.5	Feb 2018	Engie	Parabolic Trough R12 billion (2016)[175][176][177][178]
Ilanga 1	Northern Cape (Upington)	28°29′25.79″S 21°32′27.13″E	(100)			4.5	(late 2018)	Karoshoek Consortium	Under construction[179][180]
Redstone Solar Thermal Power	Northern Cape (Postmasburg)	28°17′53″S 23°21′56″E	(100)	(480)	(54)	12	(2023)	ACWA Power	Contracting Tower configuration, dry cooling. Area: 6.07 km². R8 billion capital cost, R150 million yearly running costs (2015)[181][182][183][184]
Rooipunt CSP	Northern Cape (Upington)	28°28′58″S 21°01′20″E	(150)	(730)		12	(2021)
Total:			400 (350)

Solar PV power

The South African Department of Energy allocated 631.53 MW of solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity in the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme – bid window 1.[55][56][57] In the Renewable Energy IPP Procurement Programme bid window 2, a capacity of 417.1 MW was allocated.[58][59][185] In bid window 3, 435 MW was awarded.[60] In bid window 4, 415 MW was awarded.[61] In bid window 4(+), 398 MW was added.[186]


Power plant	Province	Coordinates	Installed capacity MW (planned)	Annual output GWh (expected)	Capacity factor % (expected)	Status	Date commissioned (expected)	Operator	Notes
Kalkbult	Northern Cape	30°9′34.09″S 24°7′50.02″E	75	146.5	(21)	Operational	Sep 2013	Scatec Solar	[187][188][189][190][191][192]
SlimSun Swartland Solar Park	Western Cape	33°21′00″S 18°31′46″E	5	(8.7)	(20)	Operational	(2013)	Slimsun	[193][194]
RustMo1 Solar Farm	North West	25°44′13.8″S 27°25′10.49″E	6.93			Operational	Nov 2013 (2014)	RustMo1	[195]
Konkoonsies Solar	Northern Cape (Pofadder)	28°53′13.56″S 19°33′13.57″E	9.65	(18.6)	(22)	Operational	Mar 2014	Globeleq	[196][197]
Aries Solar PV Energy Facility	Northern Cape	29°29′40.094″S 20°46′58.741″E	9.65	(18.6)	(22)	Operational	Mar 2014 (Jul 2013)	Globeleq[197]	[198]
Greefspan PV Power Plant	Northern Cape (Douglas)	29°23′9.24″S 23°18′53.75″E	10			Operational	April 2014	AE-AMD Independent Power Producer 1	[199]
Herbert PV Power Plant	Northern Cape (Douglas)	29°0′9.45″S 23°48′7.55″E	19.9			Operational	April 2014	AE-AMD Independent Power Producer 1	[200]
Mulilo Renewable Energy Solar PV Prieska	Northern Cape (Copperton)	29°57′56.4″S 22°18′53.2″E	19.93			Operational	1 October 2014	Gestamp Solar	[201]
Soutpan Solar Park	Limpopo (Vivo)	22°59.5′S 29°15.1′E	28	(50)	(20)	Operational	July 2014	Globeleq	R1.4 billion (2012)[202][197]
Witkop Solar Park	Limpopo (Polokwane)	24°2.5′S 29°21.7′E	29.7	(60)	(23)	Operational	Sep 2014 (Aug 2013)	Core Energy (SunEdison)	[203]
Touwsrivier CPV Solar Project	Western Cape (Touwsrivier)	33°24′51.67″S 19°55′0.86″E	36	75	24	Operational	Dec 2014	Soitec	CPV-type[204][205][206][207]
De Aar Solar Power	Northern Cape (De Aar)	30°37′30″S 24°1′46″E	48.3	(89.4)	(20.4)	Operational	Apr 2014	Globeleq	[208][209]
Mulilo Renewable Energy Solar PV De Aar	Northern Cape (De Aar)	30°37′43″S 24°00′24″E	9.7			Operational	Aug 2014	Gestamp Solar	[210][211][212]
Solar Capital De Aar	Northern Cape (De Aar)	30°34′45.28″S 24°3′57.86″E	75	(166.4)	(25)	Operational	Aug 2014	Solar Capital	[213][214][215]
Solar Capital De Aar 3	Northern Cape (De Aar)	30°34′45.28″S 24°3′57.86″E	75	(150)	(22)	Operational	(Feb 2015)	Solar Capital	[216][217][218]
SA Mainstream Renewable Power Droogfontein	Northern Cape (Kimberley)	28°36′57.58″S 24°45′18.37″E	45.4	(89.4)	(20.4)	Operational	Apr 2014 (Oct 2013)	Mainstream Renewable Power South Africa	[219][220]
Letsatsi PV Project	Free State (Bloemfontein)	28°54′31.57″S 25°55′31.57″E	64	(150)	(26)	Operational	May 2014	SolarReserve	Investment: about $293 million. Add cost R2 billion over 20 years 75 MW_DC→64 MW_AC[191][221][200][222][223]
Lesedi PV Project	Northern Cape (Postmasburg)	28°19′04″S 23°21′26″E	64	(150)	(26)	Operational	May 2014	SolarReserve	Investment: about $293 million. Add cost R2 billion over 20 years 75 MW_DC→64 MW_AC[191][222][224][225][226]
Kathu Solar Energy Facility 1	Northern Cape	27°36′05″S 22°55′21″E	75	(179)	(27)	Operational	Aug 2014	Building Energy	incorporating tracking system technology[182][191][227][228][229][230]
Sishen Solar Facility	Northern Cape	27°35′12″S 22°56′09″E	74	(216)	(24)	Operational	Dec 2014	Building Energy	Using horizontal trackers. Corresponds to 74 MW_AC.[191][231][232][233]
Aurora Solar Project	Western Cape	32°38′28.84″S 18°29′50.24″E	(9.00)	(18.7)	(20)		(2014)	Aurora-Rietvlei Solar Power	[234]
Vredendal Solar Power Park	Western Cape	31°38′7.36″S 18°30′18.34″E	8.80	(19.0)	(20)	Operational	Jul 2014	Solairedirect	[235]
Linde Solar Project	Northern Cape	31°00′10″S 24°39′32″E	36.8	(87)	(25)	Operational	June 2014	Scatec Solar	[189][236][237]
Dreunberg Solar Project	Eastern Cape	30°49′39.5″S 26°12′38″E	32.3 (69.60)	(147.2)	(24)	Operational	Dec 2014	Scatec Solar	[189][238]
Jasper Solar Energy Project	Northern Cape	28°17′53″S 23°21′56″E	75	175.8	(21.4)	Operational	Nov 2014	SolarReserve	The project cost: $260 million. 96 MW_DC→75 MW_AC net generation[191][239][240][241][242][243][244][245]
Boshoff Solar Park	Free State	28°27.9′S 25°11.6′E	57 (66)	(142)	(24)	Operational	Oct 2014	Globeleq[197]	Cost: $247 million / R2.4 billion (2013)[246][247][248]
Upington Solar PV	Northern Cape		8.90			Operational	Jul 2014
Adams Solar PV 2	Northern Cape (Hotazel)	27°22′10.14″S 23°0′45.18″E	(75)	(167)	(25)	Operational	(Aug 2016)	Enel Green Power	[249][250]
Tom Burke Solar Park	Limpopo	23°4′24.67″S 27°59′21.48″E	(60)	(119)	(23)	Operational	(Mar 2016)	Enel Green Power	Area: 148 hectares[251]
Mulilo Sonnedix Prieska PV	Northern Cape (Copperton)	30°1′27.86″S 22°21′44.02″E	75			Operational	July 2016 (Dec 2015)	Mulilo Renewable Energy	86 MW_DC→ 75 MW_AC Cost: R1.3 billion[252][253][254]
Paleisheuwel Solar Park	Western Cape	32°25′23″S 18°44′08″E	75	(143)		Operational	27 April 2016	Enel Green Power	82.5 MW_DC→75 MW_AC net generation[255][256]
Pulida Solar Park	Free State (Jacobsdal)	29°02′40″S 24°55′30″E	(75)	(153)		Operational	(Aug 2016)	Enel Green Power	Area: 220 hectares (2.2 km²)[257]
Mulilo Prieska PV	Northern Cape (Copperton)	30°2′2.96″S 22°19′10.93″E	75			Operational	(Nov 2015)	Mulilo Renewable Energy	Area: 205 hectares (2.05 km²)[258]
Kathu Solar Energy Facility 2	Northern Cape	27°36′05″S 22°55′21″E	(28)	(61.6)		Under development	(201?)	Building Energy	[182][229]
Sirius Solar PV Project One	Northern Cape (Upington)	28°32′53″S 21°05′16″E	(75)			Contracting		Scatec Solar	[259][260]
Droogfontein 2 Solar	Northern Cape (Kimberley)	28°34′16″S 24°41′52″E	75			Operational	September 2020	ACED	Solar PV with single-axis tracker[261][262] Owned by Old Mutual IDEAS Managed Fund, African Rainbow Energy and Power, Reatile Group, Phakwe Solar[263]
Dyason's Klip 1	Northern Cape (Upington)	28°34′20″S 21°04′36″E	(75)			Contracting		Scatec Solar	[264]
Dyason's Klip 2	Northern Cape (Upington)	28°33′58″S 21°03′46″E	(75)			Contracting		Scatec Solar	[265]
Konkoonsies II Solar Facility	Northern Cape (Pofadder)	28°53′30″S 19°33′44″E	(75)	(208)	(27.8)	Operational[266]	September 2020 (Feb 2017)	BioTherm Energy	Solar PV with single-axis tracker[267]
Aggeneys Solar Project	Northern Cape (Pofadder)	29°14′09″S 18°53′52″E	(40)	(111)	(28.4)	Operational[266]	July 2020 (Aug 2016)	BioTherm Energy	Solar PV with single-axis tracker[268]
Solar Capital Orange	Northern Cape (Loeriesfontein)	30°30′31″S 19°36′23″E	(75)			Contracting	(March 2018)	Solar Capital	Solar PV with single-axis tracker[269]
De Wildt Solar	North West (Brits)	25°38′28″S 27°56′14″E	(50)			Under development	(Nov 2017)	ACED	Solar PV with single-axis tracker[270] Under construction, scheduled commercial operation date August 2020[271]
Bokamoso Solar	North West (Leeudoringstad)	27°09′24″S 26°24′01″E	(68)	(130)		Under development	(Nov 2017)	ACED	Solar PV with single-axis tracker[270][272] Under construction, scheduled commercial operation date June 2020[273]
Zeerust Solar Power Station	North West (Zeerust)	25°34′43″S 26°04′51″E	75			Operational	(Nov 2017)	ACED	Solar PV with single-axis tracker[270][274][275]
Greefspan 2 Solar Park	Northern Cape (Douglas)	29°23′05″S 23°18′54″E	(55)			Under development	(Nov 2018)	ACED	Solar PV with single-axis tracker[276] Under construction, scheduled commercial operation date November 2020[277]
Waterloo Solar Park	North West (Vryburg)	27°01′15″S 24°46′32″E	(75)			Under development		ACED	Solar PV with single-axis tracker[278] Under construction, scheduled commercial operation date September 2020[279]
Adams Solar PV Project (Pty) Ltd	Northern Cape	-27.38803 23.00172	5			Operational
Aurora-Rietvlei Solar Power	Western Cape	-32.64134 18.49729	9			Operational		Aurora Rietvlei Solar Power (RF) Pty Ltd
Bellatrix Solar PV Project	Northern Cape	-31.53302 23.18094	5			Operational
Capella Solar PV Project (Pty) Ltd	North West	-26.26704 24.56716	5			Operational
Castor Solar PV Project (Pty) Ltd	Free State	-28.56623 25.29376	5			Operational
Danielskuil Solar Facility	Northern Cape	-28.2105 23.5556	5			Operational
Disselfontein Solar Facility	Northern Cape	-29.4731 23.9098	5			Operational
Du Plessis Solar PV4	Northern Cape	-30.64328 24.01085	5			Operational
Electra Capital (Pty) Ltd	Western Cape	-32.42097 18.73458	75			Operational		Electra Capital (Pty) Ltd
Greefspan PV Power Plant No. 2 Solar Park	Northern Cape	-29.38486 23.31147	55			Operational		Greefspan PV No. 2 (RF) Proprietary Limited
Heuningspruit PV1	Free State	-27.45278 27.41222	5			Operational
Kakamas Solar Facility	Northern Cape	-28.78056 20.60556	5			Operational
Keimoes Solar Facility	Northern Cape	-28.69028 20.98	5			Operational
Mount Roper Solar Facility	Northern Cape	-27.34611 23.19167	5			Operational
Mulilo Solar PV De Aar	Northern Cape	-30.6279 24.00545	10			Operational		Mulilo Renewable Energy Solar PV De Aar (RF) Pty Ltd
Mulilo Solar PV Prieska	Northern Cape	-29.96766 22.31968	19.12			Operational		Mulilo Prieska PV
Skuitdrift 1	Northern Cape	-28.61421 19.78111	5			Operational
Skuitdrift 2	Northern Cape	-28.60533 19.77175	5			Operational
South African Mainstream Renewable Power De Aar PV RF (Pty) Ltd	Northern Cape	-30.619 24.03389	45.6			Operational		De Aar Solar Power (RF)(PTY) Ltd
South African Mainstream Renewable Power Droogfontein (RF) (Pty) Ltd	Northern Cape	-28.612 24.758	45.6			Operational		Droogfontein Solar Power (RF) Pty Ltd
Steynsrus PV1	Free State	-27.90472 27.53167	5			Operational
Steynsrus PV2	Free State	-27.90556 27.54139	5			Operational
Upington Airport	Northern Cape	-28.4 21.268	8.9			Operational		Sublunary Trading (RF) Pty Ltd
		Total:	1,717 (1,045)

Landfill gas power

Power plant	Province	Coordinates		Installed capacity (MW) (planned)	Date commissioned (expected)	Operator	Notes
Joburg Landfill Gas to Electricity - Marie Louise	Gauteng	-26.19172	27.88122	4.76	2014-2016	ENER-G Systems Joburg (Pty) Ltd
Joburg Landfill Gas to Electricity - Goudkoppies	Gauteng	-26.28223	27.92717	4.04	2014-2016
Joburg Landfill Gas to Electricity - Linbro Park	Gauteng	-26.09375	28.12133	3.17	2014-2016
Joburg Landfill Gas to Electricity - Ennerdale	Gauteng	-26.36947	27.83272	1.03	2014-2016
Joburg Landfill Gas to Electricity - Robinson Deep	Gauteng	-26.23335	28.04073	5	2014-2016
Mariannhill Landfill Gas to Electricity	KwaZulu-Natal	29°50.707′S 30°50.180′E		1	2006	eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality	[280][281][282]
Bisasar Road Landfill Gas to Electricity	KwaZulu-Natal			6.5	2009	eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality	[280][281]
Total:				25.5

Biomass power

Power plant	Province	Installed capacity MW (planned)	Annual output GWh (expected)	Date commissioned (expected)	Operator	Latitude	Longitude	Notes
PetroSA Biogas Project		4,2	(32)	2007	PetroSA	34.173811°S 21.984621°E / -34.173811; 21.984621 (PetroSA Biogas Project)
Ngodwana Energy Project		25	(198)	Q3 2018	Sappi	25°34′41″S 30°39′32″E
Mkuze		(17.5)	(130)	2023-2024
Umfolozi Sugar Mill	Kwazulu Natal	4.5			Umfolozi Sugar Mill Pty (Ltd)	-28.442732	32.184034
Tongaat Felixton	Kwazulu Natal	9			Tongaat Hulett Sugar SA Ltd	-28.834445	31.890996
Komati Mill	Mpumalanga	8			TSB Sugar International	-25.5544	31.866333
Busby Renewables Biomass Project	Mpumalanga	5				-26.81201	30.44063
George Biomass to Energy Project	Western Cape	5				-33.99493	22.45337
Tongaat Amatikulu	Kwazulu Natal	5			Tongaat Hulett Sugar SA Ltd	-29.045193	31.525656
Malelane Mill	Mpumalanga	4			TSB Sugar International	-25.275112	31.333889
Illovo Eston	Kwazulu Natal	2			Illovo Sugar (South Africa) Ltd	-26.224674	28.187927
Total:		71.7

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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Power plants in South Africa.

nersa.org.za/ – National Energy Regulator
Enipedia – South Africa/Powerplants
Energy Blog – Renewable Energy Power Plants Database

Power in South Africa

Sectors

Energy in South Africa
Nuclear power
Renewable energy
- Solar power

Companies and
organisations

Current	Eskom South African Nuclear Energy Corporation National Energy Regulator of South Africa
Defunct	Atomic Energy Corporation Johannesburg Gas Works

Active
power stations

Eskom Coal	Arnot Power Station Bloemfontein Power Station Camden Power Station Duvha Power Station Grootvlei Power Station Hendrina Power Station Kelvin Power Station Kendal Power Station Komati Power Station Kriel Power Station Kusile Power Station Lethabo Power Station Majuba Power Station Matimba Power Station Matla Power Station Medupi Power Station Pretoria West Power Station Rooiwal Power Station Tutuka Power Station
Hydro-electric	Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme Gariep Dam Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme Kouga Dam Power Station Ncora Dam Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme Steenbras Dam Vanderkloof Dam
Nuclear	Koeberg nuclear power station
Oil and gas	Acacia Power Station Ankerlig Power Station Gourikwa Power Station Newcastle Cogeneration Plant Port Rex Power Station
Solar	Bokpoort CSP De Aar Solar Power Droogfontein Solar Power Jasper Solar Energy Project Kalkbult Kathu Solar Park KaXu Solar One Khi Solar One Lesedi Solar Park Letsatsi Solar Park Mulilo Sonnedix Prieska PV Redstone Solar Thermal Power SlimSun Swartland Solar Park Touwsrivier CPV Solar Project
Wind	Chaba Wind farm Coega Wind Farm Cookhouse Wind Farm Copperton Wind Farm De Aar Wind Farm Darling Wind Farm Dassiesklip Wind Energy Facility Dorper Wind Farm Excelsior Wind Farm Garob Wind Farm Gibson Wind Farm Golden Valley Wind Farm Gouda Wind Facility Grassridge Wind Farm Hopefield Wind Farm Jeffreys Bay Wind Farm Kangans Wind Farm Karusa Wind Farm Klipheuwel Wind Farm Khobab Wind Farm Kouga Wind Farm Loeriesfontein Wind Farm Metrowind Wind Farm Noblesfontein Wind Farm Nojoli Wind Farm Noupoort Wind Farm Nxuba Wind Farm Oyster Bay Wind Farm Perdekraal Wind Farm Roggeveld Wind Farm Sere Wind Farm Soetwater Wind Farm Tsitsikamma Community Wind Farm Van Stadens Wind Farm Waainek Wind Farm West Coast 1 Wind Farm
Other	Johannesburg Landfill Gas to Electricity

Decommissioned
power stations

Coal	Athlone Power Station Colenso Power Station Driehoek Power Station Graaff Electric Lighting Works Ingagane Power Station Kroonstad Power Station Mount Road Power Station Orlando Power Station Swartkops Power Station

Other

Department of Energy (South Africa)
Coal in South Africa
Renewable energy in Africa
South African energy crisis

Category
Commons

v t e Economy of South Africa
By province	Western Cape Gauteng	Flag of South Africa
Natural resources	Mining industry Coal Agriculture Whaling
Industry	Automotive industry
Services	Banks Gambling Tourism Ecotourism LGBT tourism Telecommunications Nuclear power Power stations
Economic history	Mineral Revolution Witwatersrand Gold Rush Great Depression Disinvestment
Affirmative action	Black Economic Empowerment Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Qualifying Small Enterprises Scorecard Exempted Micro Enterprises
Macroeconomics	National Treasury Taxation South African rand Reserve Bank Consumer price index Provinces by HDI Foreign trade
Misc.	Corruption Companies JSE Limited Traded companies Krugerrand State-owned enterprises National Budget of South Africa National debt Trade unions

Lists of power stations

By region

Africa	Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cabo Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
Asia	Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus East Timor Georgia Hong Kong India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Macau Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal North Korea Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen
Europe	Albania Andorra Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom
North America	Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago United States
Oceania	Australia Micronesia Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Nauru New Zealand Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu
South America	Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela

By type

Non-renewable	Coal Fuel oil Natural gas Nuclear Oil shale
Renewable	Biomass Geothermal Hydroelectric conventional pumped-storage run-of-the-river tide Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Wave Wind - Onshore Wind - Offshore

Largest power stations
Largest hydroelectric stations
Least carbon-efficient stations

Electricity delivery

Concepts

Automatic generation control
Backfeeding
Base load
Demand factor
Droop speed control
Economic dispatch
Electric power
Demand management
Energy return on investment
Electrical fault
Home energy storage
Grid storage
Grid code
Grid strength
Load-following
Merit order
Nameplate capacity
Peak demand
Power factor
Power quality
Power-flow study
Repowering
Utility frequency
Variability
Vehicle-to-grid

Sources

Non-renewable	Coal Fossil fuel power station Natural gas Petroleum Nuclear Oil shale
Renewable	Biogas Biofuel Biomass Geothermal Hydro Marine Current Osmotic Thermal Tidal Wave Solar Sustainable biofuel Wind

Generation

AC power
Cogeneration
Combined cycle
Cooling tower
Induction generator
Micro CHP
Microgeneration
Rankine cycle
Three-phase electric power
Virtual power plant

Transmission
and distribution

Demand response
Distributed generation
Dynamic demand
Electric power distribution
Electricity retailing
Electrical busbar system
Electric power system
Electric power transmission
Electrical grid
Electrical interconnector
High-voltage direct current
High-voltage shore connection
Load management
Mains electricity by country
Power line
Power station
Pumped hydro
Smart grid
Substation
Single-wire earth return
Super grid
Transformer
Transmission system operator (TSO)
Transmission tower
Utility pole

Failure modes

Blackout (Rolling blackout)
Brownout
Black start
Cascading failure

Protective
devices

Arc-fault circuit interrupter
Circuit breaker
Earth-leakage circuit breaker
Residual-current device (GFI)
Power system protection
Protective relay
Numerical relay
Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker

Economics
and policies

Availability factor
Capacity factor
Carbon offset
Cost of electricity by source
Ecotax
Energy subsidies
Feed-in tariff
Fossil fuel phase-out
Load factor
Net metering
Pigovian tax
Renewable Energy Certificates
Renewable energy payments
Renewable energy policy
Spark/Dark/Quark/Bark spread

Statistics and
production

List of electricity sectors
Electric energy consumption

Categories: Electric power distribution; Electricity economics; Power station technology
Portals: Energy; Renewable energy

v t e Wind power
Wind power	High-altitude History By country Land vehicles Offshore Turbines on public display Windmill
Wind farms	Community-owned Farms by country Offshore farms by country Onshore farms
Wind turbines	Aerodynamics Airborne Crosswind kite Design Floating Nacelle Pitch bearing QBlade Small Unconventional Vertical-axis Savonius Darrieus Yaw system Yaw bearing Yaw drive
Wind power industry	Consulting companies Manufacturers Software
Manufacturers	Enercon GE Wind Energy including GE Offshore Wind Goldwind Nordex Senvion Siemens Gamesa Suzlon Vestas
Concepts	2020s in wind power research Betz's law Blade element momentum theory Capacity factor Energy return on investment Wind power forecasting Grid energy storage HVDC Intermittency Variability Laddermill Net energy gain Resource assessment Storage Subsidies Tip-speed ratio Virtual power plant Wind hybrid power systems Wind profile power law
Wind power portal Category Commons Additional portals: Renewable energy Energy

v t e Hydropower
Hydroelectricity generation	Dam List of conventional hydroelectric power stations Pumped-storage hydroelectricity Small hydro Micro hydro Pico hydro Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
Hydroelectricity equipment	Francis turbine Kaplan turbine Tyson turbine Gorlov helical turbine Pelton wheel Turgo turbine Cross-flow turbine Water wheel

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