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Vindeby Offshore Wind Farm was the first offshore wind farm in the world, erected in 1991 off the coast of the town of Vindeby on the Danish island of Lolland. It was decommissioned for cost reasons in 2017 after 25 years of useful life.

Vindeby Offshore Wind Farm
Country	Denmark
Coordinates	54°58′12″N 11°7′48″E
Status	Decommissioned
Commission date	1991
Decommission date	2017
Construction cost	75 million Danish kroner
Owner(s)	Ørsted
Wind farm
Type	Offshore
Max. water depth	4 m (13 ft)
Distance from shore	2 km (1 mi)
Hub height	35
Rotor diameter	35
Power generation
Units operational	11 x 450 kW
Make and model	Bonus
Nameplate capacity	4.95 MW
Capacity factor	22.1%[1]
Annual net output	9.61 GW·h (lifetime average)
External links
Commons	Related media on Commons
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History

Elkraft, one of the predecessors of DONG Energy (now Ørsted), began considering offshore turbines in 1987, and surveyed the waters around Lolland in 1989.[2]

The wind farm started operation in 1991 and cost an estimated €10 million, built by SEAS and Elkraft. The 11 turbines were erected in 11 days.[3] The electricity industry at the time generally considered offshore turbines to be ludicrous, as they must operate in salty conditions and have much smaller output than central power plants.[4][3] The skeptical attitude had changed 6 years later, as offshore winds drove more energy production than those on land.[5][6]

A single wind turbine had been erected in Swedish waters earlier, but Vindeby was the first collection of turbines, making it the first offshore wind farm.[3] Four years later, the similar sized Tunø Knob wind farm was made.[7][8] Tests were done to learn what to do and what not to do. Experience from Vindeby contributed to the development of cheaper ways to extract power from offshore winds.[9]

The original government concession was for 25 years, from 1991 to 2016. In 2016, DONG Energy first considered shutting down the wind farm, as it was well past its design life and had become uneconomical. Vindeby was the first in a long line of successful wind farms which led a downwards cost trend.[4][10] Vindeby was the first wind farm to be decommissioned by Dong Energy, which was completed in September 2017.[11][12] In 25 years, Vindeby had produced a total of 243 GWh.[13]

Technology

The developers contracted Bonus Energy to supply 11 wind turbines (450 kW each) for the project, placed in shallow waters.[14] The annual power was equivalent to 2-3,000 Danish households. The turbines were modified for offshore use by sealing the towers and controlling the humidity inside with air conditioning,[15] extending the life of the machinery.[16][3]

The area was also used for a wave plant in 2010.[17]

Recycling and waste problems

When the Vindeby Offshore Wind Farm was taken down in 2017, most of the components were recycled into new use, particularly metals and concrete.[12] All 33 wind turbine blades (1.2 tonnes each, 39 tonnes total)[18] were sent to various organisations for further use. Most were examined by Risø, some were re-acquired by their manufacturer LM Wind Power or displayed at museums,[12] and some were recycled into noise barriers.[13] However, 1.1 tonne of the fiberglass from the hub ended as cut up[12][19] at the Rærup Controlled Landfill near Aalborg, even though it is the least environmentally friendly way of handling waste.

According to Dakofa, the Danish Competence Center for Waste and Resources, there is nothing specific in the Danish waste order in 2020 about how to handle discarded fiberglass,[20] as fiberglass is not degraded and does not pollute.[21] As so, scrapped wind turbine blades are set to become a huge waste problem in Denmark,[19] and in countries to which Denmark (to a greater and greater extent) export its many produced wind turbines.[22][23]

Since 1996, according to an estimate in 2020 made by Lykke Margot Ricard (SDU), around 7,849[24]—8,810 tonnes of wing scrap have been disposed of in Denmark, and the waste problem will grow significantly in the coming years, when more and more wind turbines have reached their end of life. According to the SDU lecturer's calculations, the waste sector in Denmark will have to receive 46,400 tonnes of fiberglass from wind turbine blades over the next 20-25 years.[25]

Lolland itself also has environmental problems with the handling of worn-out turbines, as 250 tonnes of fiberglass from wind turbine waste in 2020 went to a landfill at Gerringe in the middle of Lolland.[26][27]

See also

• Windmill
• Wind power in Denmark
• List of offshore wind farms in Denmark
• List of offshore wind farms

References

External links

• Comparison sketch" Berlingske, 8 February 2016

На других языках

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[de] Offshore-Windpark Vindeby

Vindeby war der erste Offshore-Windpark der Welt. Er ging 1991 vor der Küste der Ortschaft Vindeby auf der dänischen Insel Lolland in Betrieb. 2017 wurde er nach einer Laufzeit von mehr als 25 Jahren zurückgebaut. Sein Regelarbeitsvermögen entsprach dem jährlichen Stromverbrauch von mehr als 2200 Haushalten. Insgesamt produzierte der Windpark ca. 243 Mio. kWh elektrischer Energie.[1]

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- [en] Vindeby Offshore Wind Farm

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[ru] Виндеби (ВЭС)

ВЭС Виндеби (дат. Vindeby) — первая в мире офшорная ветроэлектростанция, была построена в 1991 году и после 25 лет эксплуатации была остановлена и демонтирована в 2016-2017 годах компанией-владельцем после выработки ресурса турбин.[3] За время эксплуатации станция произвела 9,61 млрд кВт⋅ч электроэнергии.

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